Ethical Standards for Authors

Originality and Plagiarism

• Manuscripts must present original work that has not been published elsewhere.
• All sources must be properly acknowledged; plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
• Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy and integrity of their citations.

Authorship Criteria

• Only individuals who made significant contributions to conception, design, execution, or interpretation should be listed as authors.
• All authors must approve the final version of the manuscript before submission.
• Contributors not meeting authorship criteria should be recognized in the Acknowledgements section.

Research Integrity

Authors must conduct and present research ethically and responsibly. This includes:

• Securing ethical approval from relevant institutional boards or committees.
• Adhering to guidelines for the care and use of human and animal subjects.
• Reporting data honestly, without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate manipulation.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure

All authors must disclose any financial, institutional, or personal conflicts of interest that might influence the results or interpretation of their work. These disclosures should be included in the manuscript.

Data Sharing and Transparency

Authors should retain raw data and make it available upon reasonable request. Whenever possible, data should be deposited in open repositories with appropriate identifiers to promote transparency and reproducibility.

Multiple or Redundant Publication

Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously is considered unethical. Overlapping publications must be disclosed, and redundant publications are not permitted.

Acknowledgement of Sources

Authors must properly acknowledge the contributions of others. Information obtained through personal communication or confidential review processes must not be used without permission.

Corrections and Retractions

If significant errors are discovered after publication, authors must promptly notify the editorial office and cooperate with corrections, corrigenda, or retractions as appropriate.